这篇文章主要讲解了“怎么使用PostgreSQL的INDEX_CLEANUP”，文中的讲解内容简单清晰，易于学习与理解，下面请大家跟着小编的思路慢慢深入，一起来研究和学习“怎么使用PostgreSQL的INDEX_CLEANUP”吧！
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VACUUM命令在PG 12有所增强,提供新的Option可供选择
PG 11 vacuum命令
[xdb@localhost ~]$ psql -d testdb -p 5433
psql (11.2)
Type "help" for help.
testdb=# \help vacuum;
Command: VACUUM
Description: garbage-collect and optionally analyze a database
Syntax:
VACUUM [ ( option [, ...] ) ] [ table_and_columns [, ...] ]
VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] [ ANALYZE ] [ table_and_columns [, ...] ]
where option can be one of:
FULL
FREEZE
VERBOSE
ANALYZE
DISABLE_PAGE_SKIPPING
and table_and_columns is:
table_name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ]
testdb=#
PG 12 vacuum命令
[local]:5432 pg12@pgbench=# select version();
version
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PostgreSQL 12beta3 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.
8.5-16), 64-bit
(1 row)
Time: 11.981 ms
[local]:5432 pg12@pgbench=# \help vacuum
Command: VACUUM
Description: garbage-collect and optionally analyze a database
Syntax:
VACUUM [ ( option [, ...] ) ] [ table_and_columns [, ...] ]
VACUUM [ FULL ] [ FREEZE ] [ VERBOSE ] [ ANALYZE ] [ table_and_columns [, ...] ]
where option can be one of:
FULL [ boolean ]
FREEZE [ boolean ]
VERBOSE [ boolean ]
ANALYZE [ boolean ]
DISABLE_PAGE_SKIPPING [ boolean ]
SKIP_LOCKED [ boolean ]
INDEX_CLEANUP [ boolean ]
TRUNCATE [ boolean ]
and table_and_columns is:
table_name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ]
URL: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/sql-vacuum.html
[local]:5432 pg12@pgbench=#
下面通过pgbench执行简单的测试
[pg12@localhost ~]$ createdb pgbench;
[pg12@localhost ~]$ pgbench --initialize --scale=100 pgbench
dropping old tables...
NOTICE: table "pgbench_accounts" does not exist, skipping
NOTICE: table "pgbench_branches" does not exist, skipping
NOTICE: table "pgbench_history" does not exist, skipping
NOTICE: table "pgbench_tellers" does not exist, skipping
creating tables...
generating data...
100000 of 10000000 tuples (1%) done (elapsed 0.14 s, remaining 14.30 s)
使用pgbench执行60s的压力测试
[pg12@localhost ~]$ pgbench --no-vacuum --time=60 --client=2 --jobs=2 pgbench
transaction type:
scaling factor: 100
query mode: simple
number of clients: 2
number of threads: 2
duration: 60 s
number of transactions actually processed: 42499
latency average = 2.824 ms
tps = 708.298224 (including connections establishing)
tps = 708.325760 (excluding connections establishing)
[pg12@localhost ~]$
执行常规的vacuum
[local]:5432 pg12@testdb=# VACUUM (VERBOSE) pgbench_accounts ;
ERROR: relation "pgbench_accounts" does not exist
Time: 54.069 ms
[local]:5432 pg12@testdb=# \c pgbench
You are now connected to database "pgbench" as user "pg12".
[local]:5432 pg12@pgbench=# VACUUM (VERBOSE) pgbench_accounts ;
INFO: vacuuming "public.pgbench_accounts"
INFO: scanned index "pgbench_accounts_pkey" to remove 37520 row versions
DETAIL: CPU: user: 1.28 s, system: 0.68 s, elapsed: 2.54 s
INFO: "pgbench_accounts": removed 37520 row versions in 37520 pages
DETAIL: CPU: user: 0.21 s, system: 0.04 s, elapsed: 0.28 s
INFO: index "pgbench_accounts_pkey" now contains 10000000 row versions in 27422 pages
DETAIL: 37520 index row versions were removed.
0 index pages have been deleted, 0 are currently reusable.
CPU: user: 0.00 s, system: 0.00 s, elapsed: 0.00 s.
INFO: "pgbench_accounts": found 37444 removable, 9976515 nonremovable row versions in 164166 out of 164551 pages
DETAIL: 0 dead row versions cannot be removed yet, oldest xmin: 48279
There were 7 unused item identifiers.
Skipped 0 pages due to buffer pins, 0 frozen pages.
0 pages are entirely empty.
CPU: user: 3.15 s, system: 7.45 s, elapsed: 11.31 s.
VACUUM
Time: 11811.362 ms (00:11.811)
[local]:5432 pg12@pgbench=#
再次使用pgbench执行压力测试,但在执行vacumm指定INDEX_CLEANUP选项为false
[pg12@localhost ~]$ pgbench --no-vacuum --time=60 --client=2 --jobs=2 pgbench
transaction type:
scaling factor: 100
query mode: simple
number of clients: 2
number of threads: 2
duration: 60 s
number of transactions actually processed: 41268
latency average = 2.908 ms
tps = 687.790258 (including connections establishing)
tps = 687.817603 (excluding connections establishing)
[local]:5432 pg12@pgbench=# VACUUM (INDEX_CLEANUP False, VERBOSE) pgbench_accounts ;
INFO: vacuuming "public.pgbench_accounts"
INFO: "pgbench_accounts": found 36498 removable, 10000000 nonremovable row versions in 164967 out of 164967 pages
DETAIL: 0 dead row versions cannot be removed yet, oldest xmin: 168578
There were 161 unused item identifiers.
Skipped 0 pages due to buffer pins, 0 frozen pages.
0 pages are entirely empty.
CPU: user: 0.96 s, system: 4.10 s, elapsed: 5.30 s.
VACUUM
Time: 5314.340 ms (00:05.314)
[local]:5432 pg12@pgbench=#
跳过了Index的清理,再次执行vacumm,这次指定INDEX_CLEANUP为true
[local]:5432 pg12@pgbench=# VACUUM (INDEX_CLEANUP true, VERBOSE) pgbench_accounts ;
INFO: vacuuming "public.pgbench_accounts"
INFO: scanned index "pgbench_accounts_pkey" to remove 84133 row versions
DETAIL: CPU: user: 2.48 s, system: 0.98 s, elapsed: 3.53 s
INFO: scanned index "idx_accounts_bid" to remove 84133 row versions
DETAIL: CPU: user: 1.54 s, system: 1.13 s, elapsed: 2.80 s
INFO: "pgbench_accounts": removed 84133 row versions in 81168 pages
DETAIL: CPU: user: 1.09 s, system: 2.47 s, elapsed: 5.04 s
INFO: index "pgbench_accounts_pkey" now contains 10000000 row versions in 27422 pages
DETAIL: 84133 index row versions were removed.
0 index pages have been deleted, 0 are currently reusable.
CPU: user: 0.00 s, system: 0.00 s, elapsed: 0.00 s.
INFO: index "idx_accounts_bid" now contains 10000000 row versions in 27665 pages
DETAIL: 25763 index row versions were removed.
0 index pages have been deleted, 0 are currently reusable.
CPU: user: 0.00 s, system: 0.00 s, elapsed: 0.00 s.
INFO: "pgbench_accounts": found 0 removable, 10000000 nonremovable row versions in 164967 out of 164967 pages
DETAIL: 0 dead row versions cannot be removed yet, oldest xmin: 168578
There were 161 unused item identifiers.
Skipped 0 pages due to buffer pins, 0 frozen pages.
0 pages are entirely empty.
CPU: user: 6.03 s, system: 5.34 s, elapsed: 13.06 s.
VACUUM
Time: 13109.490 ms (00:13.109)
[local]:5432 pg12@pgbench=#
这次操作只对index执行清理.
PG 12提供的INDEX_CLEANUP vacumm选项在对大表并存在多索引进行清理时可有效的缩短执行时间,但index上的废弃tuple仍然保留,空间仍会膨胀,只不过时间滞后了而已.
感谢各位的阅读，以上就是“怎么使用PostgreSQL的INDEX_CLEANUP”的内容了，经过本文的学习后，相信大家对怎么使用PostgreSQL的INDEX_CLEANUP这一问题有了更深刻的体会，具体使用情况还需要大家实践验证。这里是创新互联，小编将为大家推送更多相关知识点的文章，欢迎关注！
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