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本篇文章给大家分享的是有关怎样用原生的urllib2+httplib请求Https，小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家学习，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获，话不多说，跟着小编一起来看看吧。
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环境
python2.7.5
# https server 生成证书
https://www.cnblogs.com/loleina/p/8418111.html
# HTTPSConnection
key # https server使用的key
ca_certs # https server使用的ca
cert # 在 浏览器下载的证书, windows下载后linux可以使用
### https.py
import urllib2, httplib, ssl, socket
DEFAULT_HTTP_TIMEOUT = 10 #seconds
# http://code.activestate.com/recipes/577548-https-httplib-client-connection-with-certificate-v/
# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1875052/using-paired-certificates-with-urllib2
class HTTPSClientAuthHandler(urllib2.HTTPSHandler):
'''
Allows sending a client certificate with the HTTPS connection.
This version also validates the peer (server) certificate since, well...
WTF IS THE POINT OF SSL IF YOU DON"T AUTHENTICATE THE PERSON YOU"RE TALKING TO!??!
'''
def __init__(self, key=None, cert=None, ca_certs=None, ssl_version=None, ciphers=None):
urllib2.HTTPSHandler.__init__(self)
self.key = key
self.cert = cert
self.ca_certs = ca_certs
self.ssl_version = ssl_version
self.ciphers = ciphers
def https_open(self, req):
# Rather than pass in a reference to a connection class, we pass in
# a reference to a function which, for all intents and purposes,
# will behave as a constructor
return self.do_open(self.get_connection, req)
def get_connection(self, host, timeout=DEFAULT_HTTP_TIMEOUT):
return HTTPSConnection( host,
key_file = self.key,
cert_file = self.cert,
timeout = timeout,
ciphers = self.ciphers,
ca_certs = self.ca_certs )
class HTTPSConnection(httplib.HTTPSConnection):
'''
Overridden to allow peer certificate validation, configuration
of SSL/ TLS version and cipher selection. See:
http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/c1c45755397b/Lib/httplib.py#l1144
and `ssl.wrap_socket()`
'''
def __init__(self, host, **kwargs):
self.ciphers = kwargs.pop('ciphers',None)
self.ca_certs = kwargs.pop('ca_certs',None)
self.ssl_version = kwargs.pop('ssl_version', ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
httplib.HTTPSConnection.__init__(self,host,**kwargs)
def connect(self):
sock = socket.create_connection( (self.host, self.port), self.timeout )
if self._tunnel_host:
self.sock = sock
self._tunnel()
self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket( sock,
keyfile = self.key_file,
certfile = self.cert_file,
ca_certs = self.ca_certs,
cert_reqs = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED if self.ca_certs else ssl.CERT_NONE )
### test.py
import urllib2
import urllib
import https
import ssl
import json
client_cert_key = "etcd-client-key.pem" # file path
client_cert_pem = "etcd-client.pem" # file path
ca_certs = "etcd-ca.pem" # file path
handlers = []
handlers.append( https.HTTPSClientAuthHandler(
key = client_cert_key,
cert = client_cert_pem,
ca_certs = ca_certs,
ssl_version = ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23,
ciphers = 'TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA' ) )
http = urllib2.build_opener(*handlers)
# request https
# GET
resp = http.open('https://xxxx:2379/v2/members')
data = resp.read()
# POST
req = urllib2.Request(url)
data = urllib.urlencode(data)
resp = http.open(req, data)
# PUT
request = urllib2.Request(url, data=json_data)
request.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/json')
request.get_method = lambda: 'PUT'
resp = http.open(request)
# DELETE
request = urllib2.Request(url, data=data)
request.get_method = lambda: 'DELETE'
resp = http.open(request)
resp.close()
以上就是怎样用原生的urllib2+httplib请求Https，小编相信有部分知识点可能是我们日常工作会见到或用到的。希望你能通过这篇文章学到更多知识。更多详情敬请关注创新互联行业资讯频道。