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在《asp.net core认证与授权》中讲解了固定和自定义角色授权系统权限，其实我们还可以通过其他方式来授权，比如可以通过角色组，用户名，生日等，但这些主要取决于ClaimTypes，其实我们也可以自定义键值来授权，这些统一叫策略授权，其中更强大的是，我们可以自定义授权Handler来达到灵活授权，下面一一展开。
注意：下面的代码只是部分代码，完整代码参照：https://github.com/axzxs2001/Asp.NetCoreExperiment/tree/master/Asp.NetCoreExperiment/%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86/PolicyPrivilegeManagement
首先看基于角色组，或用户名，或基于ClaimType或自定义键值等授权策略，这些都是通过Services.AddAuthorization添加，并且是AuthorizationOptions来AddPolicy，这里策略的名称统一用RequireClaim来命名，不同的请求的策略名称各不相同，如用户名时就用policy.RequireUserName()，同时，在登录时，验证成功后，要添加相应的Claim到ClaimsIdentity中：
Startup.cs
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddMvc();
services.AddAuthorization(options =>
{
//基于角色的策略
options.AddPolicy("RequireClaim", policy => policy.RequireRole("admin", "system"));
//基于用户名
//options.AddPolicy("RequireClaim", policy => policy.RequireUserName("桂素伟"));
//基于Claim
//options.AddPolicy("RequireClaim", policy => policy.RequireClaim(ClaimTypes.Country,"中国"));
//自定义值
// options.AddPolicy("RequireClaim", policy => policy.RequireClaim("date","2017-09-02"));
}).AddAuthentication(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme).AddCookie(options =>{
options.LoginPath = new PathString("/login");
options.AccessDeniedPath = new PathString("/denied");
});
}HomeController.cs
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using PolicyPrivilegeManagement.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.Cookies;
using System.Security.Claims;
namespace PolicyPrivilegeManagement.Controllers
{
[Authorize(Policy = "RequireClaim")]
public class HomeController : Controller
{
PermissionHandler _permissionHandler;
public HomeController(IAuthorizationHandler permissionHandler)
{
_permissionHandler = permissionHandler as PermissionHandler;
}
public IActionResult Index()
{
return View();
}
public IActionResult PermissionAdd()
{
return View();
}
public IActionResult Contact()
{
ViewData["Message"] = "Your contact page.";
return View();
}
public IActionResult Error()
{
return View(new ErrorViewModel { RequestId = Activity.Current?.Id ?? HttpContext.TraceIdentifier });
}
[AllowAnonymous]
[HttpGet("login")]
public IActionResult Login(string returnUrl = null)
{
TempData["returnUrl"] = returnUrl;
return View();
}
[AllowAnonymous]
[HttpPost("login")]
public async Task Login(string userName, string password, string returnUrl = null)
{
var list = new List {
new { UserName = "gsw", Password = "111111", Role = "admin",Name="桂素伟",Country="中国",Date="2017-09-02",BirthDay="1979-06-22"},
new { UserName = "aaa", Password = "222222", Role = "system",Name="测试A" ,Country="美国",Date="2017-09-03",BirthDay="1999-06-22"}
};
var user = list.SingleOrDefault(s => s.UserName == userName && s.Password == password);
if (user != null)
{
//用户标识
var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Sid, userName));
identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, user.Name));
identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, user.Role));
identity.AddClaim(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Country, user.Country));
identity.AddClaim(new Claim("date", user.Date));
await HttpContext.SignInAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, new ClaimsPrincipal(identity));
if (returnUrl == null)
{
returnUrl = TempData["returnUrl"]?.ToString();
}
if (returnUrl != null)
{
return Redirect(returnUrl);
}
else
{
return RedirectToAction(nameof(HomeController.Index), "Home");
}
}
else
{
const string badUserNameOrPasswordMessage = "用户名或密码错误！";
return BadRequest(badUserNameOrPasswordMessage);
}
}
[HttpGet("logout")]
public async Task Logout()
{
await HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
}
[AllowAnonymous]
[HttpGet("denied")]
public IActionResult Denied()
{
return View();
}
}
} 上面的授权策略都相对简单，单一，使用场景也很有限，就和固定角色授权如出一辙，其实可以用更好的来例用授权，那就是自定义授权Handler，我们在《asp.net core认证与授权》一文中，是通过中间件来达到自定义解色的，现在我们换个思路，通过自定义授权Handler来实现。
首先定义一个UserPermission，即用户权限实体类
////// 用户权限 /// public class UserPermission { ////// 用户名 /// public string UserName { get; set; } ////// 请求Url /// public string Url { get; set; } }
接下来定义一个PermissionRequirement，为请求条件实体类