上面脚本创建了的/etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules文件，保证在节点重启后能自动加载所需模块。使用lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4命令查看是否已经正确加载所需的内核模块。
(7)安装了 ipset 软件包：
$ yum install ipset -y
为了便于查看 ipvs 的代理规则，最好安装一下管理工具 ipvsadm：
$ yum install ipvsadm -y
(8)同步服务器时间
$ yum install chrony -y $ systemctl enable chronyd $ systemctl start chronyd $ chronyc sources
(9)关闭 swap 分区：
$ swapoff -a
(10)修改/etc/fstab文件，注释掉 SWAP 的自动挂载，使用free -m确认 swap 已经关闭。swappiness 参数调整，修改/etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf添加下面一行：
vm.swappiness=0
执行sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf使修改生效。
(11)接下来可以安装 Containerd
$ yum install -y yum-utils \ device-mapper-persistent-data \ lvm2 $ yum-config-manager \ --add-repo \ https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo $ yum list | grep containerd
可以选择安装一个版本，比如我们这里安装最新版本：
$ yum install containerd.io-1.4.4 -y
(12)创建containerd配置文件：
mkdir -p /etc/containerd containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml # 替换配置文件 sed -i "s#k8s.gcr.io#registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers#g" /etc/containerd/config.toml sed -i '/containerd.runtimes.runc.options/a\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ SystemdCgroup = true' /etc/containerd/config.toml sed -i "s#https://registry-1.docker.io#https://registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com#g" /etc/containerd/config.toml
(13)启动Containerd:
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl enable containerd systemctl restart containerd
在确保 Containerd安装完成后，上面的相关环境配置也完成了，现在我们就可以来安装 Kubeadm 了，我们这里是通过指定yum 源的方式来进行安装，使用阿里云的源进行安装：
cat < /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 repo_gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF
然后安装 kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl(我安装的是最新版，有版本要求自己设定版本)：
$ yum install -y kubelet-1.20.5 kubeadm-1.20.5 kubectl-1.20.5
设置运行时：
$ crictl config runtime-endpoint /run/containerd/containerd.sock
可以看到我们这里安装的是 v1.20.5版本，然后将 kubelet 设置成开机启动：
$ systemctl daemon-reload
$ systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
到这里为止上面所有的操作都需要在所有节点执行配置。
初始化集群
初始化Master
然后接下来在 master 节点配置 kubeadm 初始化文件，可以通过如下命令导出默认的初始化配置：
$ kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml
然后根据我们自己的需求修改配置，比如修改 imageRepository 的值，kube-proxy 的模式为 ipvs，需要注意的是由于我们使用的containerd作为运行时，所以在初始化节点的时候需要指定cgroupDriver为systemd【1】
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2 bootstrapTokens: - groups: - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef ttl: 24h0m0s usages: - signing - authentication kind: InitConfiguration localAPIEndpoint: advertiseAddress: 192.168.0.5 bindPort: 6443 nodeRegistration: criSocket: /run/containerd/containerd.sock name: k8s-master taints: - effect: NoSchedule key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master --- apiServer: timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2 certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki clusterName: kubernetes controllerManager: {} DNS: type: CoreDNS etcd: local: dataDir: /var/lib/etcd imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers kind: ClusterConfiguration kubernetesVersion: v1.20.5 networking: dnsDomain: cluster.local podSubnet: 172.16.0.0/16 serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12 scheduler: {} --- apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1 kind: KubeProxyConfiguration mode: ipvs --- apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: KubeletConfiguration cgroupDriver: systemd然后使用上面的配置文件进行初始化：
$ kubeadm init --config=kubeadm.yaml [init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.20.5 [preflight] Running pre-flight checks [preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster [preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection [preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull' [certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki" [certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key [certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key [certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.0.5] [certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key [certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key [certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key [certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key [certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key [certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master localhost] and IPs [192.168.0.5 127.0.0.1 ::1] [certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key [certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master localhost] and IPs [192.168.0.5 127.0.0.1 ::1] [certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key [certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key [certs] Generating "sa" key and public key [kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes" [kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file [kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file [kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file [kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file [kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env" [kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml" [kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet [control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests" [control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver" [control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager" [control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler" [etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests" [wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s [kubelet-check] Initial timeout of 40s passed. [apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 70.001862 seconds [upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace [kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.20" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster [upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs [mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master as control-plane by adding the labels "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''" and "node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane='' (deprecated)" [mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule] [bootstrap-token] Using token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef [bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles [bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes [bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials [bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token [bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster [bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace [kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key [addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS [addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully! To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user: mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run: export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster. Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/ Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root: kubeadm join 192.168.0.5:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:446623b965cdb0289c687e74af53f9e9c2063e854a42ee36be9aa249d3f0ccec
拷贝 kubeconfig 文件
$ mkdir -p $HOME/.kube $ sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config $ sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
添加节点
记住初始化集群上面的配置和操作要提前做好，将 master 节点上面的 $HOME/.kube/config 文件拷贝到 node 节点对应的文件中，安装 kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl，然后执行上面初始化完成后提示的 join 命令即可：
# kubeadm join 192.168.0.5:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \ > --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:446623b965cdb0289c687e74af53f9e9c2063e854a42ee36be9aa249d3f0ccec [preflight] Running pre-flight checks [preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster... [preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml' [kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml" [kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env" [kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet [kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap... This node has joined the cluster: * Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received. * The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details. Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.
如果忘记了上面的 join 命令可以使用命令kubeadm token create --print-join-command重新获取。
执行成功后运行 get nodes 命令：
$ kubectl get no NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION k8s-master NotReady control-plane,master 29m v1.20.5 k8s-node01 NotReady 28m v1.20.5
可以看到是 NotReady 状态，这是因为还没有安装网络插件，接下来安装网络插件，可以在文档 https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/create-cluster-kubeadm/ 中选择我们自己的网络插件，这里我们安装 calio:
$ wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.8/manifests/calico.yaml
# 因为有节点是多网卡，所以需要在资源清单文件中指定内网网卡
$ vi calico.yaml
...... spec: containers: - env: - name: DATASTORE_TYPE value: kubernetes - name: IP_AUTODETECTION_METHOD # DaemonSet中添加该环境变量 value: interface=eth0 # 指定内网网卡 - name: WAIT_FOR_DATASTORE value: "true" - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR # 由于在init的时候配置的172网段，所以这里需要修改 value: "172.16.0.0/16" ......
安装calico网络插件
$ kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
隔一会儿查看 Pod 运行状态：
# kubectl get pod -n kube-system NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE calico-kube-controllers-bcc6f659f-zmw8n 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 7m58s calico-node-c4vv7 1/1 Running 0 7m58s calico-node-dtw7g 0/1 PodInitializing 0 7m58s coredns-54d67798b7-mrj2b 1/1 Running 0 46m coredns-54d67798b7-p667d 1/1 Running 0 46m etcd-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 46m kube-apiserver-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 46m kube-controller-manager-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 46m kube-proxy-clf4s 1/1 Running 0 45m kube-proxy-mt7tt 1/1 Running 0 46m kube-scheduler-k8s-master 1/1 Running 0 46m
网络插件运行成功了，node 状态也正常了：
# kubectl get nodes NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION k8s-master Ready control-plane,master 47m v1.20.5 k8s-node01 Ready 46m v1.20.5
用同样的方法添加另外一个节点即可。
配置命令自动补全
yum install -y bash-completion source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion source <(kubectl completion bash) echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc
感谢各位的阅读，以上就是“怎么用kubeadm部署K8S集群并使用containerd做容器”的内容了，经过本文的学习后，相信大家对怎么用kubeadm部署K8S集群并使用containerd做容器这一问题有了更深刻的体会，具体使用情况还需要大家实践验证。这里是创新互联，小编将为大家推送更多相关知识点的文章，欢迎关注！
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