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最近系统漏洞扫描，扫出来很多MySQL的漏洞，没有什么好的办法，先升级到最新版本。在梳理MySQL数据库信息时发现有一套zabbix用的MySQL版本是5.1.71的，现在的最新版本是5.7.17，版本跨越的太大了，不知道直接升级是否可行。库的数据量大概15G，于是就想先备份，备份完后用mysql_upgrade做升级。如果实在不行就再新创建一套库把数据导进去。
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下面是在虚拟机上测试的升级步骤，中间也遇到了一些问题，不过好在最后还是升级成功了，说明这条路还是可行了。
操作系统版本RHEL 6.7 旧的MySQL版本5.1.71，新的MySQL版本5.7.17。
1、查看旧的MySQL版本，并创建测试数据库和测试表
mysql> select version(); +------------------+ | version() | +------------------+ | 5.1.71-community | +------------------+ mysql> create database zx; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | test | | zx | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use zx; Database changed mysql> create table test_upgrade (id int); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec) ...... mysql> select count(*) from test_upgrade; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 33554432 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
现在test_upgrade表里有33554432条数据。
2、停止旧MySQL，并备份数据
[root@rhel6 mysql]# service mysql stop Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! #这里直接用cp备份数据 [root@rhel6 lib]# cp -R mysql mysql_bak [root@rhel6 lib]# du -sk mysql* 250880 mysql 250880 mysql_bak
3、安装新Msql软件，这里下载的是编译好的解压就可以使用
[root@rhel6 ~]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz #解压完后移动到/opt目录下 [root@rhel6 ~]# mv mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql-5.7.17 [root@rhel6 ~]# mv mysql-5.7.17 /opt [root@rhel6 ~]# cd /opt [root@rhel6 opt]# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql-5.7.17/ [root@rhel6 opt]# ll total 4 drwxr-xr-x. 9 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 22 21:07 mysql-5.7.17
4、修改my.cnf
主要修改basedir参数：
[root@rhel6 opt]# vi /etc/my.cnf basedir=/opt/mysql-5.7.17
5、启动新MySQL
[root@rhel6 mysql-5.7.17]# ./bin/mysqld_safe &
1)启动报错1：
2017-03-22T13:12:39.131998Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: The Auto-extending innodb_system data file './ibdata1' is of a different size 640 pages (rounded down to MB) than specified in the .cnf file: initial 768 pages, max 0 (relevant if non-zero) pages!2017-03-22T13:12:39.132028Z 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: Plugin initialization aborted with error Generic error 2017-03-22T13:12:39.733953Z 0 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error. 2017-03-22T13:12:39.733986Z 0 [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed. 2017-03-22T13:12:39.733994Z 0 [ERROR] Failed to initialize plugins. 2017-03-22T13:12:39.734000Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting
解决方法在my.cnf中的[mysqld]部分添加如下参数
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
再次启动
2)启动报错2：
2017-03-22T13:16:03.374717Z 0 [ERROR] unknown option '--skip-locking' 2017-03-22T13:16:03.374735Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting
解决方法从my.cnf中注释掉相关参数skip-locking
再次启动
3)启动报错3：
2017-03-22T13:18:20.278752Z 0 [ERROR] Fatal error: mysql.user table is damaged. Please run mysql_upgrade. 2017-03-22T13:18:20.278954Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting
5.7无法读取5.1的mysql.user表，解决方法使用--skip-grant-tables参数跳过授权验证
再次启动
[root@rhel6 mysql-5.7.17]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables&
启动成功
2017-03-22T13:20:23.919677Z 0 [Note] ./bin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.7.17' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
6、执行升级
[root@rhel6 mysql-5.7.17]# ./bin/mysql_upgrade -uroot Checking if update is needed. Checking server version. Running queries to upgrade MySQL server. Checking system database. mysql.columns_priv OK mysql.db OK mysql.engine_cost OK mysql.event OK mysql.func OK mysql.general_log OK mysql.gtid_executed OK mysql.help_category OK mysql.help_keyword OK mysql.help_relation OK mysql.help_topic OK mysql.host OK mysql.innodb_index_stats OK mysql.innodb_table_stats OK mysql.ndb_binlog_index OK mysql.plugin OK mysql.proc OK mysql.procs_priv OK mysql.proxies_priv OK mysql.server_cost OK mysql.servers OK mysql.slave_master_info OK mysql.slave_relay_log_info OK mysql.slave_worker_info OK mysql.slow_log OK mysql.tables_priv OK mysql.time_zone OK mysql.time_zone_leap_second OK mysql.time_zone_name OK mysql.time_zone_transition OK mysql.time_zone_transition_type OK mysql.user OK Upgrading the sys schema. Checking databases. sys.sys_config OK zx.test_upgrade OK Upgrade process completed successfully. Checking if update is needed.
7、重启MySQL，并验证
[root@rhel6 mysql-5.7.17]# ./bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdown [root@rhel6 mysql-5.7.17]# ./bin/mysqld_safe & mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 5.7.17 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | test | | zx | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select count(*) from zx.test_upgrade; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 33554432 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
验证通过后，删除旧版本的MySQL软件。